# Tracer Technologies - llms-full.txt

Tracer Technologies builds fleet telemetry, GPS management, and operational automation solutions for ground-vehicle fleets in Israel.

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## GPS Jamming & Spoofing Map - Purpose and Method

URL: https://tracer.co.il/gps-jamming-map (Hebrew) | https://tracer.co.il/en/gps-jamming-map (English)

This map provides a real-time view of GPS jamming and spoofing interference across Israel, derived from ground-vehicle telemetry. It is a ground-truth complement to aircraft-based maps (GPSJam, Flightradar24), which measure GPS interference at altitude.

### What it shows
- GPS jamming severity bands: Weak / Moderate / Heavy per H3 hexagonal cell (resolution 6, ~36 km²)
- GPS spoofing severity bands: Weak / Moderate / Heavy per cell
- Effect-only: no source attribution, no perpetrator identification, no technology identification

### What it does NOT show
- Vehicle counts, fleet sizes, or any vehicle-related numbers
- Individual vehicle positions or identities
- Raw GPS coordinates above hex precision
- Who is causing the interference

### Data source
Ground-vehicle fleet telemetry from thousands of vehicles operating across Israel. Data is processed on Tracer servers. Only aggregate severity bands per cell are published.

### Anonymization
- All data aggregated to H3 cells (resolution 6)
- Minimum group-size threshold (k-anonymity) enforced before publication
- Publication delay of a few minutes
- No precise locations, license plates, equipment IDs, or counts published

### Coverage
Coverage follows roads where vehicles travel. Blank areas = insufficient data, NOT absence of interference. No complete coverage of every location at every moment.

### Update frequency
Every few minutes, with a short delay for privacy protection.

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## Methodology Summary

URL: https://tracer.co.il/gps-jamming-map/methodology (Hebrew) | https://tracer.co.il/en/gps-jamming-map/methodology (English)

1. **Data source**: Ground-vehicle fleet GPS telemetry (effect-only, anonymized at source)
2. **Anonymization**: H3 res-6 cell aggregation + k-anonymity floor + publication delay
3. **Severity definitions**: Weak/Moderate/Heavy - qualitative bands based on anomaly intensity and corroboration count
4. **Jamming vs spoofing**: Both detected from effects; no source attribution
5. **False-positive handling**: Tunnels, garages, urban canyons, parked vehicles filtered; multi-vehicle corroboration required
6. **Re-identification protection**: Cell-level aggregation + k-anonymity + delay ensures individual vehicles cannot be derived
7. **Cold-start**: Brief warm-up window after restart; documented
8. **Coverage limitation**: Coverage follows vehicle routes; blank = no data, not no interference

### Corroborating external sources (aircraft-based, different angle)
- GPSJam.org - global ADS-B-based GPS interference map
- Flightradar24 GPS spoofing tracking
- EUROCONTROL GNSS data

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## FAQ (English)

**Q: What is GPS jamming?**
A: GPS jamming is deliberate interference with GPS signals that causes receivers to lose their ability to determine position. With jamming, the receiver either cannot compute a position at all, or computes a significantly incorrect one.

**Q: What is GPS spoofing?**
A: GPS spoofing is the transmission of fake GPS signals that cause a receiver to compute an incorrect position without knowing it. The receiver 'thinks' it is somewhere other than its true location.

**Q: How is this map made?**
A: The map is based on anonymized GPS data from thousands of ground vehicles operating across Israel. When vehicles report GPS anomalies, the data is aggregated by geographic cell and displayed as severity levels. No source attribution, no intentional identification.

**Q: How often does the map update?**
A: Every few minutes. There is a short delay between data collection and publication to ensure adequate anonymization.

**Q: Why is there a delay in the data?**
A: The delay protects the privacy of fleet users and allows sufficient aggregation. Data that does not meet the minimum vehicle threshold per geographic cell is not displayed.

**Q: What do Weak / Moderate / Heavy mean?**
A: The levels express the intensity of the GPS anomaly measured in a cell: Weak - mild interference detected, Moderate - clear and consistent interference, Heavy - severe and widespread interference.

**Q: Why are some areas blank?**
A: Map coverage follows the roads where vehicles travel. Blank areas mean insufficient data for that cell - not necessarily the absence of interference.

**Q: Does the map show who is jamming?**
A: No. The map shows effects only - where GPS anomalies were measured. There is no attribution to a perpetrator, device, technology, or intent.

**Q: Is my vehicle or personal data shown?**
A: No. All data is aggregated by geographic cell only. There is no precise location, no license plate, no vehicle identifier, and no published vehicle count.

**Q: How accurate is this map? Are there false positives?**
A: The map is filtered to reduce false positives: tunnels, underground parking, dense urban canyons, and parked vehicles are filtered out. No map is perfect - sparse data may miss some areas.

**Q: How does this compare to aircraft-based maps like GPSJam?**
A: Aircraft-based maps like GPSJam use ADS-B receivers at altitude. Our map uses ground vehicles on roads - more sensitive to effects at ground level, where people live and work.

**Q: Can I embed this map on my website?**
A: Yes. Add ?embed=1 to the map URL for a clean embed version. Example: https://tracer.co.il/gps-jamming-map?embed=1